History of user interfaces

by Zvonimir Fras

Dec 1943

Colossus

Two female code breakers working on the Colossus computersA set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943-1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher.

Feb 15, 1946

ENIAC

ENIAC was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. There were other computers that had these features, but the ENIAC had all of them in one package. It was Turing-complete and able to solve "a large class of numerical problems" through reprogramming.ENIAC in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Glen Beck (background) and Betty Snyder (foreground) program the ENIAC in building 328 at the Ballistic Research Laboratory

1955

Designing for people

Henry Dreyfuss wrote a book called "Designing for people" in which he talked about his ideas related to the relationship between humans and machines, namely "fitting the machine to the man rather than the man to the machine"

Oct 14, 1964

IBM 29 card punch

The IBM 29 card punch and its companion, the IBM 59 card verifier, were used to record and check information in punched cards. The cards were then read and processed by a computer or an accounting machine.IBM 029 card punch machine in 2016 at Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie (Leiden, the Netherlands)

Dec 9, 1968

oN-Line System (NLS) - Mother of All Demos

Revolutionary computer collaboration system developed in the 1960s. Designed by Douglas Engelbart and implemented by researchers at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), the NLS system was the first to employ the practical use of hypertext links, the mouse, raster-scan video monitors, information organized by relevance, screen windowing, presentation programs, and other modern computing concepts.

Mar 1, 1973

Xerox Alto

First Graphical User Interface (GUI)

1979

Xerox and Apple make a deal

Apple gave Xerox the opportunity to buy $1 million of Apple stock. (needs more info)

Aug 12, 1981

IBM Personal Computer

The first microcomputer released in the IBM PC model line and the basis for the IBM PC compatible de facto standard. IBM recruited Charlie Chaplin to advertise their more approachable side. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry.

Apr 1982

GRiD Compass - first laptop

Development began in 1979. NASA used it on the Space Shuttle in early 1980s.

Mar 1983

The Compaq Portable

Portable computer that was like an IBM PC in a luggage form.

Jan 24, 1984

The Macintosh (OS System 1.0)

Window based system with icons. First version of Apple Macintosh operating system and the beginning of the classic Mac OS series. Even though other personal computers came before it, Macintosh changed the way people thought about personal computers.

Nov 20, 1985

Windows 1.0

1988

EISA

IBM got a lot of competition from IBM-compatible devices so they came up with Micro Channel architecture, their own copyrighted standard - no longer compatible with their older versions. It backfired. Nine leading competitors created their own standard called Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA). EISA was compatible with previous versions and easily available for companies to purchase.

1989

Psion EPOC

Mobile operating system that supported apps.

Feb 1992

ThinkPad

Aug 3, 1993

Apple Newton

First personal digital assistant (PDA) to feature handwriting recognition. Had inconsistent results.

Aug 16, 1994

IBM Simon

The first smartphone. First to include phone and PDA features in one device. It had a touchscreen.

1995

User Experience Architect

During his time at Apple, Don Norman created the first "User Experience Architect" poistion. "It's the way you experience the world, it's the way you experience your life, it's the way you experience service.

Aug 24, 1995

Windows 95

The most notable was the inclusion of the "START" button which is still present in Windows 10

Aug 15, 1998

iMac G3 - The first iMac

The iMac was drastically different from other existing mainstream computers. It was made with "nothing-to-hide" translucent plastic.

May 1999

Visualphone VP210

First phone with a front facing camera and the first mobile color videophone. It could send 2 photos per second via Japan's PHS network system

Jul 10, 2008

Apple App Store